Philosophy

Before you begin, this unit teaches Arguments and conclusions, Validity and truth, Soundness, Induction, Counterexamples. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Necessary and sufficient, Knowledge and justification, Skeptical challenges, Ethical reasons, Charitable interpretation. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Consequentialist reasoning, Duties and constraints, Virtue and practical wisdom, Freedom and determinism, Mind and explanation. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Personal identity, Justice and distribution, Bayesian revision in words, Is and ought, Build and revise an argument. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Propositions and logical form, Inclusive disjunction, Material implication and its limits, Modus ponens and affirming the consequent, Modus tollens and denying the antecedent. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Negating conjunctions and disjunctions, Testing validity with countermodels, Universal and existential quantifiers, Quantifier order and dependency, Negating quantified claims. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Gettier cases and epistemic luck, Rebutting and undercutting defeaters, Internalism and externalism about justification, Reliabilism and the generality problem, The regress of reasons. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Testimony and responsible reliance, Disagreement between epistemic peers, Epistemic injustice, Contextualism and standards for knowledge, Design an epistemic audit. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Hume’s problem of induction, Falsifiability and risky prediction, Auxiliary assumptions and theory testing, Underdetermination and model choice, Scientific realism and instrumentalism. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Explanation versus prediction, Confounding and causal diagrams, Randomization and its boundaries, Selection and collider bias, Preregistered tests and exploratory discovery. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Act and rule consequentialism, Kantian universalization and maxims, Humanity as an end, Prima facie duties and moral conflict, Double effect and intended means. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Doing, allowing and negative responsibility, Moral luck and the control condition, Contractualism and reasonable rejection, Reflective equilibrium, Capstone: justify an accessible public service. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Authority is not the same as getting things right, Fair play, public goods, and the unsolicited-benefit objection, Public reason without pretending everyone agrees, The harm principle: necessary condition, not blank permission, Democratic equality and epistemic authority. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Rawls: fair institutions and the priority of liberty, Nozick: entitlement, voluntary transfer, and historical repair, Capabilities: equal resources, unequal freedom, Structural injustice: tracing interaction without dissolving responsibility, Civil disobedience and a defensible dissent dossier. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Knowledge as justified true belief, and Gettier’s challenge, Justification and the regress of reasons: foundationalism and coherentism, Scepticism and its limits: hyperbolic doubt and the closure argument, Personal identity over time: psychological continuity and its rivals, Free will and determinism: compatibilism, libertarianism, hard determinism. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches The nature of mind: dualism, physicalism, and the explanatory gap, Moral realism versus anti-realism: truth, error, and expression, Justice and political obligation: the particularity problem and philosophical anarchism, Constructing a philosophical argument: premises, validity, and charity, Evaluating arguments: counterexamples, reductio, and the strongest objection. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Narrative identity: is a life story what makes you the same self?, The hard problem of consciousness: statement, challenge, and the illusionist reply, Responsibility as a practice: reactive attitudes, excuses, and standing, Manipulation and personal history: does how you got this way affect what you deserve?, Normative reasons and rationality: internalism, externalism, and the wrong kind of reason. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Desert, luck, and equality: does responsibility fix what people are owed?, Epistemic injustice: credibility, interpretation, and whose testimony counts, Legitimacy and the limits of authority: neutrality, judicial review, and where the state stops, Working a genuinely unsettled question: higher-order evidence, defeaters, and reflective equilibrium, Capstone: opaque risk prediction and the limits of state authority. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches Valid versus sound: the distinction, and how it is used to mislead, The fallacies that are actually common, and the long lists that are not, Thought experiments: what they can and cannot establish, Other minds: what inference from behaviour can and cannot reach, Testimony and trust: is believing what you are told rational by default?. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.

Before you begin, this unit teaches The ethics of belief: when is evidence owed, and to whom?, Vagueness, borderline cases, and the sorites paradox, Causation and correlation: what a probabilistic association can and cannot license, Understanding versus prediction: what an explanation adds, Capstone: reconstructing an opponent's argument in its strongest form. The lessons introduce ideas in order, then the unit quiz asks you to retrieve and apply them. You may revisit completed lessons whenever you wish.