Cumulative level test: Political philosophy: authority, justice, and justified dissent

Check understanding, separately from reading

12 questions · 80% to pass · no timer. This longer test revisits both units in the level. These authored questions assess recognition and application of the taught distinctions, not professional qualification. You may review the lessons and retry. Repeat attempts reuse the question bank; a remembered answer is not proof of transfer to a new situation.

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Question 1

A scientifically excellent planning board wants permanent, unreviewable control of city policy. Citizens offer relevant local evidence but are excluded. Which criticism integrates authority and democratic epistemology?Technical competence neither establishes unlimited authority nor makes excluded situated knowledge irrelevantBecause experts know technical facts, public accountability has no justificatory value

Question 2

A mandatory drainage scheme provides essential protection, but meetings are inaccessible and charges ignore inability to pay. Which response best combines fair play and capabilities?Essential benefits prove all current fees and meeting arrangements justPreserve the possible case for common contribution while revising burdens and real participation opportunities

Question 3

A city restricts a noisy business practice because its majority considers the owners’ culture inferior. Independent evidence also shows some night noise harms neighbors. What is the strongest revision?Reject the cultural hierarchy, offer reciprocal harm-based reasons, and compare narrowly effective limitsAny independently harmful noise validates the original cultural justification and every restriction

Question 4

A large referendum endorses a welfare increase funded by removing a minority’s basic political liberties. Which joint assessment follows from the democratic and Rawlsian lessons?Majority authorization makes the loss of basic liberties irrelevant to justiceA vote does not guarantee substantive justice, and material gains do not simply override equal basic liberties

Question 5

A city owns valuable land through historical dispossession. It proposes using rental proceeds to improve the least advantaged while dismissing all former owners’ claims. Which analysis fairly compares theories?The improvement is relevant to a Rawlsian institutional assessment, but it does not answer the entitlement-based rectification claimAny benefit to disadvantaged residents makes the property’s history morally irrelevant in every theory

Question 6

Equal training grants go to everyone, yet a group faces inaccessible equipment and unpaid care demands. An administrator says the resulting gap proves low motivation. What is missing?Only a larger survey asking whether administrators feel the policy is equalInvestigation of conversion barriers and interacting institutions before assigning individual responsibility

Question 7

A protest group alleges exclusion from housing, but all its reports copy one unverified anonymous claim. Which step should precede a confident justification of civil disobedience?Audit the factual basis and independent evidence while separately developing the justice argumentTreat many copied reports as corroboration because the cause invokes equality

Question 8

Residents agree that a resource rule is unacceptable, but some invoke unjust acquisition and others blocked basic opportunities. What would a convergence-sensitive reform argument do?Insist that agreement on a reform proves entitlement and capability theories make the same claimsAsk whether a specific feasible reform has adequate reasons for each group without assuming their theories identical

Question 9

A previously legitimate authority blocks meaningful appeals against entrenched exclusion. Some citizens consider principled disobedience. Which conclusion avoids both absolutism and automatic permission?Legitimacy supplies reasons to respect institutions but does not remove the need to assess injustice, alternatives, and protest burdensOnce an institution is legitimate, every possible lawbreaking act is morally indefensible

Question 10

New managers inherit a transport network whose schedules jointly exclude some workers from jobs. They receive fair-play contributions from those same workers. What follows?Not causing the original exclusion releases managers from all current responsibilitiesThe managers may have role-based remedial duties even without original blame, and cooperative terms need review

Question 11

A committee improves educational access by forcing every eligible adult to attend the same course regardless of informed preferences. Which critique combines capabilities and liberty?Enabling meaningful educational options differs from compelling their exercise for the chooser’s own goodThe capability approach requires maximizing identical achievements through coercion

Question 12

A final policy memo recommends reform, cites a fair vote, and ends without alternatives or revision conditions. What addition best integrates the whole level?Add more forceful language declaring that public support proves legitimacy, justice, and factual accuracy togetherCompare feasible alternatives using explicit evidence and justice premises, answer the strongest affected-party objection, and identify what would change the recommendation

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