Unit quiz: Testimony, disagreement and epistemic audit

Check understanding, separately from reading

5 questions · 80% to pass · no timer. This quiz checks the lessons in this unit. These authored questions assess recognition and application of the taught distinctions, not professional qualification. You may review the lessons and retry. Repeat attempts reuse the question bank; a remembered answer is not proof of transfer to a new situation.

Saving a lesson records reading only. Previous lesson completions have not been converted into passing scores. You can continue reading without a pass; the assessment remains unpassed.

Question 1

Three news summaries all cite the same unnamed witness. Their agreement may show faithful copying, not three confirmations. A separate observer with direct access adds a different evidential route. Source tracing matters even when all summaries are sincere and polished.

Question 2

Two careful readers inspect the same ambiguous sentence and reach opposite interpretations. Learning of the disagreement gives each reason to recheck scope and context. If one had missed a crucial paragraph, the evidential situation would no longer be symmetric.

Question 3

A competent witness is dismissed as irrational solely because of a stigmatized identity: a credibility deficit driven by prejudice. Separately, workers may lack a shared, institutionally recognized vocabulary to describe a recurring form of mistreatment, making reports difficult to articulate and understand.

Question 4

A person remembers a museum’s usual hours. A casual friend says “she knows it is open”; a speaker planning an irreplaceable visit demands ruling out a special closure. Contextualism locates a possible shift in the speakers’ standards for “knows,” not in whether the museum is actually open.

Question 5

A historical claim appears in several articles that copy one memoir. The memoirist had access but wrote long afterward; an independent dated letter conflicts with part of the story. An audit separates dependence, memory limitations, and specific rebuttal, then narrows the claim rather than accepting or rejecting the entire memoir wholesale.

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