Unit quiz: Justification, defeaters and regress

Check understanding, separately from reading

5 questions · 80% to pass · no timer. This quiz checks the lessons in this unit. These authored questions assess recognition and application of the taught distinctions, not professional qualification. You may review the lessons and retry. Repeat attempts reuse the question bank; a remembered answer is not proof of transfer to a new situation.

Saving a lesson records reading only. Previous lesson completions have not been converted into passing scores. You can continue reading without a pass; the assessment remains unpassed.

Question 1

A reliable-looking clock stopped earlier, but you consult it at the moment its hands happen to show the correct time. Your belief is true and ordinarily supported by looking at a clock, yet its truth is accidental. A functioning clock would connect your reading to the changing time rather than coincidence.

Question 2

A photograph seems to show a blue fabric. A trustworthy physical inspection reporting red is rebutting evidence. Learning that the camera applied an unknown color filter undercuts the photograph as evidence, but does not by itself establish red, green, or any particular color.

Question 3

Two people have indistinguishable visual experiences, but one sees normally while the other is systematically deceived. An access-focused view can assign similar internal justification. A reliability-focused view can distinguish the processes’ connection to truth. Their disagreement concerns the standard, not the stipulated experiences.

Question 4

A reader identifies a label in fog. Classifying the event as ordinary reading may rate it highly; classifying it as reading faint labels in fog may not. Describing it as “the process that produced this correct answer” trivially guarantees success and avoids the real evaluation.

Question 5

Asked why you trust a document, you cite an archive; asked why you trust the archive, you cite records. Stopping at direct observation raises the question of why it is basic. Appealing to a network of mutually supporting records raises the question of independent contact with the world.

Continuing does not mark this assessment passed.