Unit quiz: Whom you give it to and what you use: dative and instrumental in action

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Question 1

A learner wants to say 'I answered my sister' and writes Я ответила сестру. Diagnose the error and name what the verb actually requires.The person must stand in the dative: Я ответила сестре, because отвечать governs the dative for the person answered, with no preposition.The noun is right but the aspect is wrong, because ответить is perfective and therefore cannot describe a single completed answer.

Question 2

Complete the sentence Мне ___ эти фотографии, meaning that you like them, and state which word determines the form you chose.нравится, because impersonal sentences always keep the verb in a fixed singular form regardless of the nouns around it.нравятся, because эти фотографии is the nominative subject and a plural subject forces the plural verb form, while мне only names the person who experiences the liking.

Question 3

At the till a learner says Я плачу с картой. What has gone wrong, and what should the sentence be?The card is the means of payment, so it takes a bare instrumental with no preposition: Я плачу картой.The card should stand in the genitive after с, giving Я плачу с карты, because с always requires the genitive case.

Question 4

A friend has just qualified and now works as a nurse. Write the Russian sentence and explain the case of the role word; then say what changes if the verb is dropped.Она работает медсестра, because Russian keeps the nominative for a role whenever the same person is the subject of the sentence.Она работает медсестрой, with the role in the instrumental because работать is a linking verb; without a verb the present-tense equation reads Она медсестра, with two nominative words and no instrumental.

Question 5

Report one day in a single sentence: yesterday you wrote to your mother and sent her photographs using your phone. Identify each noun's role and case.Вчера я написала маме и отправила ей фотографии телефоном, where маме and ей are dative recipients, фотографии is the accusative thing sent, and телефоном is a bare instrumental of means.Вчера я написала маму и отправила её фотографии с телефоном, where the recipient is accusative and the means is expressed with с plus the instrumental.

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