Unit quiz: Context and responsible scientific inference

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5 questions · 80% to pass · no timer. This quiz checks the lessons in this unit. These authored questions assess recognition and application of the taught distinctions, not professional qualification. You may review the lessons and retry. Repeat attempts reuse the question bank; a remembered answer is not proof of transfer to a new situation.

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Question 1

A brief mobilizing response during a challenge differs from prolonged uncontrollable stress. Similar labels need not imply identical effects on cognition.

Which comparison is most informative?Duration and controllability alongside intensityOnly whether the word stress applies

Question 2

Functional MRI commonly uses blood-oxygenation-related signals. A highlighted region reflects an analysis and contrast, not proof that only that region performs the task.

What must accompany interpretation of an activation map?An assumption that color directly photographs a thoughtThe method, comparison and analysis limits

Question 3

A region is active during a task. That observation alone does not show the activity is necessary; an intervention addresses a different causal question.

What is not established by task-correlated activation alone?That the region is necessary for the taskThat the observed signals were associated with the task

Question 4

If a region responds during fear and several other processes, seeing its activity does not uniquely identify fear. Specificity matters.

Why is the inference to fear uncertain?No mental state can ever affect brain signalsThe signal can accompany multiple processes

Question 5

A small group-level study of a training task does not establish that an app raises everyone’s general intelligence. Examine transfer, controls and replication.

Which evidence is needed for broad improvement claims?Transfer, suitable controls and replicationOnly an impressive brain illustration

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